As a seasoned hunter and outdoor writer with over a decade of experience, I’ve spent countless hours in the field pursuing the fast-flying mourning dove. One of the most frequent questions I get from both new and experienced dove hunters is: “What best shot for dove should I use?” It’s a valid question! Choosing the right shot size is crucial for clean kills, maximizing your bag limit, and ensuring an ethical hunt. This guide will break down everything you need to know about selecting the best ammo for dove hunting, covering shot sizes, materials, and important considerations for a successful season. We’ll cover what shot for dove hunting is most effective, and what shot is best for dove hunting in different scenarios.
Mourning doves are relatively small birds, typically weighing between 12 and 17 ounces. This means they don’t require a massive payload of shot to bring them down cleanly. However, their speed and maneuverability demand a pattern dense enough to consistently connect with these quick targets. Before diving into specific shot sizes, let’s quickly review some shotgun basics. Gauge (12, 20, 28, .410) influences the amount of shot you can deliver, while choke selection (improved cylinder, modified, full) controls the spread of the shot pattern. Generally, a modified or improved cylinder choke is ideal for dove hunting, providing a balance between range and pattern density. (National Park Service Hunting Safety)
Shot size is designated by a number. The larger the number, the smaller the pellets. Here’s a quick breakdown:
For the vast majority of dove hunting situations, #7.5 shot is the sweet spot. It provides enough energy to deliver a clean kill at typical dove hunting ranges (20-40 yards) while creating a dense pattern that increases your chances of hitting the fast-moving target. #8 shot is also an excellent choice, particularly if you’re hunting over decoys or in situations where the birds are coming in close. I’ve personally had excellent results with both sizes over the years.
The effectiveness of #7.5 shot stems from its balance. It’s large enough to carry sufficient energy to penetrate the dove’s feathers and vital organs, but small enough to deliver a high pellet count within a reasonable pattern diameter. This means more opportunities for a pellet to find its mark. According to research from the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics, ethical hunting practices prioritize quick, clean kills, and selecting the appropriate shot size is a key component of that.
The debate between lead and non-toxic shot is ongoing, and regulations vary by location. Many states and hunting areas now require the use of non-toxic shot for all hunting activities. If you’re hunting on federal lands, the USDA Forest Service has specific regulations regarding the use of lead ammunition. Here’s a breakdown of the common options:
When switching to non-toxic shot, remember that you may need to adjust your choke selection to optimize the pattern. REI Expert Advice (Shotgun Chokes Explained) provides excellent guidance on choke selection for different shot materials.
The best shot for dove isn’t always a one-size-fits-all answer. Here’s how to adjust your selection based on the hunting situation:
Early in the season, doves are often feeding on seeds and are less wary. #7.5 or #8 shot will typically be sufficient. As the season progresses and doves become more pressured, they tend to fly faster and hold longer. In these situations, consider switching to #6 shot to increase your range and penetration.
In open fields, doves have longer flight paths, allowing for more shooting opportunities. #7.5 or #8 shot works well. In wooded areas, shots are typically closer and quicker. #8 or even #9 shot can be effective, especially if you’re using a tighter choke.
When hunting over decoys, doves often come in close, making #8 shot an excellent choice. For pass shooting, where birds are flying overhead at a greater distance, #7.5 or #6 shot is more appropriate.
| Shot Size | Typical Range | Best For | Material Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| #7.5 | 20-40 yards | All-around dove hunting | Lead, Steel, Bismuth, Tungsten |
| #8 | Under 30 yards | Close-range shooting, over decoys | Lead, Steel, Bismuth, Tungsten |
| #6 | 30-45 yards | Late season, pressured birds | Lead, Steel, Bismuth, Tungsten |
No matter what shot size you choose, the most crucial step is to pattern your shotgun. This involves shooting at a target at various distances to see how the shot spreads. Patterning will reveal your shotgun’s sweet spot – the choke and shot size combination that delivers the most consistent and effective pattern. I recommend patterning your shotgun with the ammunition you plan to use for dove hunting before the season begins. This ensures you’re using the best shot for dove for your specific shotgun.
Ultimately, the best ammo for dove hunting is the one that you shoot most accurately and consistently. While #7.5 shot is a fantastic starting point for most hunters, don’t be afraid to experiment with different sizes and materials to find what works best for you and your shotgun. Remember to prioritize ethical hunting practices by selecting a shot size that delivers clean kills and respecting the game you pursue. Happy hunting!