As a lifelong hunter and outdoor writer, I’ve spent countless hours in the field pursuing upland game, and one question consistently arises: what are the best pheasant loads? Specifically, what 20ga pheasant loads should you be using? The answer isn’t simple, as it depends on your gun, your hunting style, and, increasingly, regulations regarding non-toxic shot. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know to select the optimal shells for a successful and ethical pheasant hunt, covering everything from shot size for pheasant hunting to the latest in non lead shotgun shells.
For decades, lead shot was the standard for upland bird hunting. However, the environmental impact of lead – particularly its toxicity to waterfowl and other wildlife – led to significant changes. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) implemented regulations phasing out lead shot for waterfowl hunting, and many states now require non-toxic shot for all upland game, including pheasant, on public lands. (USFWS Lead Regulations). This means understanding what is non toxic shot and the available alternatives is crucial.
Approved non toxic shot materials include steel, bismuth, tungsten, and tungsten-nickel-iron alloys. Steel is the most affordable and widely available option, making it a popular choice. Bismuth and tungsten offer performance closer to lead, but come at a higher price point. We’ll focus primarily on steel and bismuth options in this guide, as they represent the most common choices for pheasant hunters.
Choosing the correct shot size for pheasant is paramount. Too small, and you’ll have insufficient energy transfer for a clean kill. Too large, and you’ll have a sparse pattern, reducing your effective range. Here’s a breakdown:
Remember, these are guidelines. Factors like bird size, vegetation density, and your shooting ability will influence the best shot size for pheasant hunting. Patterning your shotgun (see section below) is essential to determine the optimal load for your specific gun.
Steel shot has become the go-to non toxic pheasant loads for many hunters due to its affordability. However, steel is lighter and harder than lead, requiring larger shot sizes to achieve comparable performance. Here are some top contenders for 20 gauge pheasant loads:
When considering steel pheasant loads, pay attention to the velocity. Higher velocity generally translates to tighter patterns and increased range. However, excessive velocity can also increase recoil.
If you’re looking for performance closer to lead, bismuth is an excellent choice. It’s denser than steel, allowing you to use smaller shot sizes with comparable energy. However, 20 gauge non toxic shells using bismuth are significantly more expensive.
While tungsten and tungsten-nickel-iron alloys offer superior performance, the cost often makes them impractical for most pheasant hunters. Bismuth strikes a good balance between performance and price.
The debate between 12 gauge pheasant loads and 20 gauge pheasant loads is ongoing. The 12 gauge generally offers more energy and a denser pattern, making it a better choice for longer-range shots and larger birds. However, the 20 gauge is lighter, has less recoil, and is often preferred by smaller-framed hunters or those who shoot a lot. A well-placed shot with a best 20 ga pheasant load is just as effective as a 12 gauge.
For those opting for a 12 gauge, consider loads like Federal Heavy Steel, Winchester Long Beard XR (steel), or Kent Bismuth.
Regardless of the best shells for pheasant you choose, patterning your shotgun is essential. This involves shooting at a target at various distances to see how the shot spreads. (NRA Guide to Patterning Your Shotgun). Patterning will reveal:
Use a large paper target and shoot multiple groups at different distances (20, 30, 40 yards). Count the number of pellets within a 30-inch circle to determine pattern density. Adjust your choke or load until you achieve a consistent and acceptable pattern.
Steel shot can be expensive, especially if you’re shooting a lot. If you’re looking for the cheapest steel shot, consider Remington Gun Club Steel or Federal Classic Steel. These loads are generally more affordable than premium options, but they can still be effective at closer ranges. However, don’t sacrifice performance for price – a poorly placed shot is a wasted shot, regardless of how much it cost.
The need for non toxic dove loads is also increasing in many areas. The same principles apply – steel, bismuth, and tungsten are the approved alternatives. Smaller shot sizes (#6 or #7 1/2) are typically used for dove, but you’ll need to adjust accordingly when using steel.
Selecting the right best load for pheasant hunting requires careful consideration of your gun, your hunting style, and local regulations. While 20ga pheasant loads can be incredibly effective, understanding the nuances of steel and non-toxic shot is crucial. Prioritize ethical hunting practices by ensuring a clean and quick kill. Remember to pattern your shotgun, practice your shooting, and always respect the game you pursue. By following these guidelines, you’ll be well-equipped for a successful and enjoyable pheasant season. And don't forget to always practice safe gun handling and adhere to all hunting regulations. (Leave No Trace Hunting Ethics)